The waterproofing is intended for protection of walls, the bases, basements etc., from moisture penetration.
The waterproofing device is required for all kinds of the bases, including for strip foundation. Put a waterproofing usually at height of 15-25 cm from earth level. It prevents dampening of walls owing to penetration into them from the earth of capillary moisture.
The waterproofing happens horizontal and vertical. In garages in which there are no cellars, carry out only a horizontal waterproofing on all perimeter of garage in level of the top sawn-off shotgun of the bases, but it is obligatory above earth level. The horizontal waterproofing consists of two layers of roofing material pasted on hot bitumen.
In the presence of basements are necessary additional measures on protection of a cellar against capillary moisture. In this case besides a horizontal waterproofing in level of the top sawn-off shotgun of the bases arrange a horizontal waterproofing in level of a bottom of the bases under external walls. The vertical waterproofing of an external side of a cellar external walls is also required. External surfaces of the bases level cement mortal and two times hot bitumen.
If the cellar floor is below level of ground waters, it is necessary to take measures against flooding of basements. The waterproofing in such conditions should be in the form of the continuous closed cover.
At first arrange a waterproofing in level of the bases bottom. Then concrete a floor of a cellar and level its surface a cement coupler. After that on a floor paste two layers of roofing material on bitumen mastic, which carefully stick together hot bitumen with the roofing material, laid under bottom of foundation. Then with a rolled carpet paste over external surfaces of the bases under external walls, and a vertical waterproofing carefully mix with a waterproofing under bottom of foundation.

The floor of a cellar over a waterproofing can be concrete or cement.
Within one garage the bases can sometimes have different depth of underbuild. For example, the cellar is arranged not under all garage.

At dense soils the ledge height should not exceed 1 m, and the relation of a ledge height to its length — no more than 1: 1. At leaky soils height of a ledge is no more than 0,5 m, and the relation of a ledge height to its length — no more than 1: 2.

For a cellar waterproofing use biostable coating.

1. Bitumen — 70 %, anthracene oil — 10 %, cement — 20 %.
2. Bitumen — 67 %, fluoric sodium — 3 %, cement — 20 %.
3. Bitumen — 35 %, paste — 2 %, fluoric sodium — 3 %, gasoline — 3 %, cement — 15 %.

Also waterproof impregnations are applied.
Are good for a waterproofing isoprene (rubber) paints, which it is possible to put on any surfaces (a tree, concrete, plaster).

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So, your future garage has now the base and walls. Now on turn is work on the roof device.
For garage more approaches flat pent roof.
But recently even more often began to build ridge roofs, as well as in apartment houses, which allow using rationally a garret for storage of any tools, adaptations and other.
Both kinds of a roof consist of wooden inclined supporting beams — rafters on which put lathing (flooring) – boards in width of 40-50 mm, and external covering — roofs.
On the garage having the small sizes, it is more expedient to establish inclined or trailing rafters from a tree.
Rafters with intermediate support on simple roofs lean the ends on two external supports. The distance between support can reach 4,5 m. But if it varies from 5 to 6 m under rafters put crippling.
The bottom ends of trailing rafters lean against walls, and top converge in the fad with each other. Trailing rafters could be a simple and difficult design. Simple as in most garages happen, consists of two rafters resting against a horizontal bar, which is called a torqueing.

Trailing rafters in the fad open mortise and tenon joint or in a halving.
For rafters it is possible to use only wood of the first grade without knots.

If you have decided to make ridge roof it is necessary for you to build identical truss principal with drafted the top party at every chamfer roofs and to establish them strictly on one horizontal line. To make it is possible by means of a special template, which is made as follows. Take a board, equal on length to an inhaling, and to its middle strictly perpendicularly beat the second board. On a roof bias measure on it top of the fad and beat two truss principal from boards. On the bottom end of a template and on an inhaling you should note places of the necessary cuttings.

Rafter plates are called beams stacked on all perimeters of external walls. On them by means of thorns and nests are fastened rafters. At first you should establish two extreme pairs of truss principal with the connected top ends, then on their fad pull a cord or beat a board and establish intermediate rafters, carefully leveling them. For economy of wood instead of continuous rafter plates it is possible to use separate strips.

If you are not rather professional builder, it is better to hire people, who will help you in building of your garage. Of course it will be more expensive, but it is not the right time to save money, because your garage should be safe for you and your car. Only in this case you will enjoy using of your garage and your car will be grateful to you.

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Let’s speak about base of your future garage. To trench under the base is given this or that form, which depends on depth and ground density. At depth of a trench about 1 m – its walls are made vertical, more 1m — with a small bias or a slope. You should put boards between walls with bracing, which in the end of excavations are taken out if you wish the ground would not crumble. All soil taken out from a trench remains in a stain — the garage plan (if the cellar according to plan is not provided). After the device of the base the ground in the garage plan is leveled and carefully packed. The surface of the packed ground is developed to a design mark.

The base takes up loadings of elevated designs and protects walls from soil moisture. Stability and durability of your garage is provided first of all with stability and durability of the base, which, in turn, depend on a ground on which it settles down.

The ground that is the basis for garage, should possess sufficient durability, small and uniform compressibility; should not distend and slip down. But to these requirements are followed not all its kinds.

Unfit ground, which in a damp condition forms shifting sand, it is possible to replace with a bloom base plate from the coarse-grained sand stacked in a trench by a layer of 15-20 cm which should be packed and watered.

In the winter depending on natural-environmental conditions grounds freeze through on various depth. Freezing of grounds leads to distending of some of them — clay loam, loess soil, sandy loams. Under the influence of garage weight distended soils settle unevenly that can cause non-uniform deposits of the base and as consequence — cracks in the base and garage walls.

For an exception of such negative phenomena it is necessary to put a ground below its depth of freezing.

The base on non-distending soils (gravel – large and average sands, sandy loams, easy loams) are deepen not less than on 0,5 m.

While in service garage thawed and rain water, and also the water appearing in the course of washing of the car near to garage, can wash away a ground under a base that also can lead non-uniform a deposit of the base and to occurrence of cracks within the precincts of garage. In order to avoid it is necessary to provide tap of streams of thawed and rain waters from garage walls, not to pour a considerable quantity of water near to garage and to build external blind area.

Reliability of the base depends also on its design, from applied building materials and a good waterproofing.

Garages are mostly built on the tape bases. Such bases are erected under buildings with heavy walls.

Depending on a material applied to erection of the bases, distinguish the bases rubble, the brick, monolithic, concrete, rubble-concrete and build-up ferro-concrete bases.

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For daubing stone or brick masonry you will need building solutions. Depending on the basic component they share on clay, limy, argillo-calcareous, cement-limy and cement. The same as also clay, building solutions, depending on quantity of a filling, can be lean, average and fat. For building of garage you will need the average solution because in it there is an optimum quantity of binding substance and a filling. In lean solutions too much filler contains therefore it is insufficiently durable. And in fat is surplus of binding material, which leads to formation of cracks. All components intended for preparation of solutions, necessarily sift through a sieve. The ready solution is necessary for mixing carefully before reception of homogeneous weight that there were no lumps. If you have correctly prepared a building solution it’s laying will be easy, and quality high.

For building of garage various logs, poles, bars, boards etc. will be required to you.

Wood building materials are measured in cubic metres, and most the pine and a fur-tree are considered as the best, but also are applied an alder, poured also some other breeds.

Forest products share on round, timber and crushed. They are used for a construction of timbered designs, for reception of boards, laths, and bars.

Saw-timbers are plates, bars, boards etc. Details of windows and doors are made of them, a thin and thick covering of walls, boards, and floorings.

In saw-timbers distinguish edges, end faces and webs.

Boards and bars happen edging and not edging. Such boards at which both edges form with face of a plank a right angle on all length or on half of length concern the edging. At edging boards edges are not processed or processed less than a half.

Preparations are boards, bars that are made on the set sizes with certain allowances on machining and on drying. You can make them of wood of deciduous and coniferous breeds.

Board materials concern joiner’s, wood-particle and wooden fibreboard and also veneer wood.

Plywood is applied to facing of doors, walls and ceilings. It is made by sheets of the different sizes in the thickness from 1 to 12 mm and consists of several layers of an interline interval.

Joiner’s, wood-particle and wood-fiber boards are used as facing and heat-insulating material.

Wood particle boards are made by hot pressing of cutting shaving mixed with binding synthetic pitches. They are easily processed manually.

Wood-fiber boards turn out from fibres of wood by the big pressure at a heat.

Forest products and saw-timbers are stored on cleared of dust, a grass, and the disinfected 10 % -s’ solution of blue copperas, the raised place protected from an atmospheric precipitation. Logs and boards keep within stacks so that between them there was a through space for ventilation.

Wish you good luck into your building!

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In Germany and in the countries adjoining to it ramp garages basically have from five to seven land floors, including a cellar and a technological floor, it is about from seven to nine circles of storage. At the decision of a question on the most expedient design of many-tier garages the aspiration to reception probably more numbers of places for cars with the minimum expenses should not be made the corner stone. Degree of operational suitability of a construction, level of its use by consumers and, hence, the successful decision of set of transport and economic problems are defined by not so much sizes of garage, how many its technical equipment and, first of all, degree of conformity to requirements of clients. The result is influenced by biases of stages; radiuses of turns, the review on prod riving and their length, expenses of time for movement from entrance to the most remote places of storage, the equipment lifts and escalators etc. At appointment of number of floors it is necessary to take into consideration possibility of use of places on the fifth, the sixth and even the seventh floors not for short-term, and for long storage or delivery to constant tenants.
For storage of cars it is recommended to use constructions of following types:
1. Many-storied land garages with stages, if:
Available there is a convenient ground area, whenever possible a squared shape;
Demanded capacity makes 500—1000 cars. Garages with stages are most suitable for capacity of 200-300 cars. At larger garages high-speed stages are recommended;
It is necessary to reckon with peak loadings.
2. Many-storied underground garages with stages, if:
It is impossible to construct land garages (for example on the area which should remain free from building, or on a site intended for other purposes);
The form and the sizes of the ground area approach for ramp garage;
Hydro-geological conditions are in limits of norms;
It is necessary to reckon with peak loadings.
3. Garages with mechanical transporting devices, if:
It is necessary to use the expensive site, which sizes do not allow to construct garage with stages;
The garage of small or average capacity is required;
It is necessary to reckon with a great number of quickly stored cars, instead of with peak loadings;
The garage is intended for clients of department store, bank, etc. Also it is possible to refuse direct incomes. It concerns first of all underground garages with mechanical transporting devices where to rather high cost of a building expenses for acquisition of the mechanical equipment, its operation and maintenance service are added;
For town planning reasons buildings with continuous protecting designs where application of mechanical transporting devices allows doing without the ventilating equipment are admissible only.
Anyway, it is only your choice what kind of garage you are going to build and hope you will find some answers on your questions in this article.

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Underground and land garages. In an initial stage of searches of new possibilities of storage have addressed to suitable platforms, free or used for other needs. In such cases the most natural decision are underground or basement garages. On the other hand, in a city where the high density of building is usually fixed and many-storied buildings prevail, cellars represent a rarity. Therefore at once there was a thought on creation of standard separate underground garages with several circles of the storage, located one under another.
At building of such underground garages often it is necessary to shift power supply networks, to erect heavy retaining walls and to carry out a drainage system. Isolation of all protecting wall elements, plates of floors and coverings for protection from soil and surface water is required. Special actions for creation of ventilation, illumination, the water drain and maintenance of current operation are necessary. From here and cost of building and operation of underground constructions more often higher than land. Usually further expansion of underground garages is impossible because of too high expenses. However at building of new public buildings, especially administrative, theatres and museums, underground garages have with what not comparable advantage as allow to leave the ground area completely free and mention historically developed architecturally-spatial decisions a little.
Existing cellars are seldom suitable for the device under ‘ terrestrial garages, including with additional mechanical devices. Therefore underground garages have in full or in part under the areas or green plantings more often, out of the building area. Underground garages concern and multi-purpose constructions.
In most cases in underground constructions arrange stages for lifting on a vertical with convenient for beginners and entrance attractive to all clients. Mechanical devices for entrance and departure from garage demand less area, than a stage and in many cases are easier entered in existing constructions, however for them the device of memory platforms is necessary.
One of the economic intermediate decisions realized in basic at the new buildings, use of the area of the ground floor of buildings for storage — in full or in part is. Sometimes as continuation of such floor the parking place on an adjoining free platform serves.
The most widespread type of large constructions with a great number of places of storage is a land garage of various designs. Originally such constructions were everywhere considered only as garages parking, intended for long-term storage. At acute shortage occurrence in storage places in the centers of cities have started to erect and many-tier parking in which the special attention was given to the expedient technical equipment and it is constructive-planning decision.
As the increase in height of garages did not meet essential obstacles and, hence, did not demand special expenses, and operation of many-storied garages was carried out without use of special devices (except for some mechanized constructions), cost of their building and operation usually lower, than similar underground garages. To raise profitability of a construction, bottom, and sometimes and the top floors or a garage covering use for placing of trading passages, shops, office premises, bowling alleys, cafe, motels, etc. In all cases in such objects it is recommended to provide refueling devices and capacities and workshops for maintenance service (it concerns also underground constructions).

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